Web/router.c

#include "router.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define INITIAL_CHILDREN 4
#define INITIAL_PARAMS 8

// node_new creates a new router node.
static node_t* node_new(void) {
	node_t *n = calloc(1, sizeof(node_t));
	if (!n) return NULL;

	n->children = malloc(INITIAL_CHILDREN * sizeof(node_t*));
	n->child_cap = INITIAL_CHILDREN;
	return n;
}

// node_free recursively frees a node and its children.
static void node_free(node_t *n) {
	if (!n) return;

	free(n->segment);

	for (int i = 0; i < n->child_count; i++) {
		node_free(n->children[i]);
	}
	free(n->children);

	for (int i = 0; i < n->param_count; i++) {
		free(n->param_names[i]);
	}
	free(n->param_names);

	free(n);
}

// node_add_child adds a child node.
static void node_add_child(node_t *parent, node_t *child) {
	if (parent->child_count >= parent->child_cap) {
		parent->child_cap *= 2;
		parent->children = realloc(parent->children, parent->child_cap * sizeof(node_t*));
	}
	parent->children[parent->child_count++] = child;
}

// read_segment extracts the next path segment.
static int read_segment(const char *path, int start, char **segment, int *end) {
	if (start >= strlen(path)) {
		*segment = NULL;
		*end = start;
		return 0;
	}

	// Skip leading slash
	if (path[start] == '/') start++;
	if (start >= strlen(path)) {
		*segment = NULL;
		*end = start;
		return 0;
	}

	// Find end of segment
	int pos = start;
	while (path[pos] && path[pos] != '/') pos++;

	// Extract segment
	int len = pos - start;
	*segment = malloc(len + 1);
	memcpy(*segment, path + start, len);
	(*segment)[len] = '\0';

	*end = pos;
	return path[pos] != '\0'; // has more segments?
}

// is_dynamic checks if segment is a dynamic parameter.
static int is_dynamic(const char *seg) {
	return seg && seg[0] == ':';
}

// is_wildcard checks if segment is a wildcard.
static int is_wildcard(const char *seg) {
	return seg && seg[0] == '*';
}

// extract_param_name gets the parameter name from :name or *name.
static char* extract_param_name(const char *seg) {
	if (!seg || strlen(seg) < 2) return NULL;
	if (seg[0] == ':' || seg[0] == '*') {
		return strdup(seg + 1);
	}
	return NULL;
}

// router_new creates a new router.
router_t* router_new(void) {
	router_t *r = calloc(1, sizeof(router_t));
	if (!r) return NULL;

	r->get = node_new();
	r->post = node_new();
	r->put = node_new();
	r->patch = node_new();
	r->delete = node_new();

	r->param_cap = INITIAL_PARAMS;
	r->param_values = malloc(r->param_cap * sizeof(char*));
	r->param_names = malloc(r->param_cap * sizeof(char*));

	return r;
}

// router_free destroys the router.
void router_free(router_t *r) {
	if (!r) return;

	node_free(r->get);
	node_free(r->post);
	node_free(r->put);
	node_free(r->patch);
	node_free(r->delete);

	free(r->param_values);
	free(r->param_names);
	free(r);
}

// get_method_node returns the root node for a method.
static node_t* get_method_node(router_t *r, const char *method) {
	if (strcmp(method, "GET") == 0) return r->get;
	if (strcmp(method, "POST") == 0) return r->post;
	if (strcmp(method, "PUT") == 0) return r->put;
	if (strcmp(method, "PATCH") == 0) return r->patch;
	if (strcmp(method, "DELETE") == 0) return r->delete;
	return NULL;
}

// router_add registers a route.
int router_add(router_t *r, const char *method, const char *path, handler_t handler) {
	node_t *root = get_method_node(r, method);
	if (!root) return -1;

	// Handle root path
	if (strcmp(path, "/") == 0) {
		root->handler = handler;
		return 0;
	}

	node_t *current = root;
	int pos = 0;
	char **params = NULL;
	int param_count = 0;

	while (1) {
		char *seg;
		int end;
		int has_more = read_segment(path, pos, &seg, &end);

		if (!seg) break;

		// Check for dynamic/wildcard
		int is_dyn = is_dynamic(seg);
		int is_wc = is_wildcard(seg);

		if (is_wc && has_more) {
			free(seg);
			free(params);
			return -1; // wildcard must be last
		}

		// Track parameter names
		if (is_dyn || is_wc) {
			params = realloc(params, (param_count + 1) * sizeof(char*));
			params[param_count++] = extract_param_name(seg);
		}

		// Find or create child node
		node_t *child = NULL;
		for (int i = 0; i < current->child_count; i++) {
			if (strcmp(current->children[i]->segment, seg) == 0) {
				child = current->children[i];
				break;
			}
		}

		if (!child) {
			child = node_new();
			child->segment = seg;
			child->is_dynamic = is_dyn;
			child->is_wildcard = is_wc;
			node_add_child(current, child);
		} else {
			free(seg);
		}

		current = child;
		pos = end;
	}

	// Set handler and params
	current->handler = handler;
	current->param_names = params;
	current->param_count = param_count;

	return 0;
}

// Convenience methods
int router_get(router_t *r, const char *path, handler_t handler) {
	return router_add(r, "GET", path, handler);
}

int router_post(router_t *r, const char *path, handler_t handler) {
	return router_add(r, "POST", path, handler);
}

int router_put(router_t *r, const char *path, handler_t handler) {
	return router_add(r, "PUT", path, handler);
}

int router_delete(router_t *r, const char *path, handler_t handler) {
	return router_add(r, "DELETE", path, handler);
}

// match_node recursively matches a path against the tree.
static handler_t match_node(node_t *n, const char *path, int start,
                           char **param_values, char **param_names,
                           int *param_idx, int max_params) {
	// Check wildcards first
	for (int i = 0; i < n->child_count; i++) {
		if (n->children[i]->is_wildcard) {
			// Capture rest of path
			const char *rest = path + start;
			if (*rest == '/') rest++;

			if (*param_idx < max_params) {
				param_values[*param_idx] = (char*)rest;
				param_names[*param_idx] = n->children[i]->param_names[0];
				(*param_idx)++;
			}

			return n->children[i]->handler;
		}
	}

	// Extract current segment
	char *seg;
	int end;
	int has_more = read_segment(path, start, &seg, &end);

	if (!seg) {
		// End of path
		return n->handler;
	}

	// Try exact match first
	for (int i = 0; i < n->child_count; i++) {
		node_t *child = n->children[i];

		if (!child->is_dynamic && !child->is_wildcard &&
		    strcmp(child->segment, seg) == 0) {
			handler_t h = match_node(child, path, end, param_values,
			                        param_names, param_idx, max_params);
			free(seg);
			return h;
		}
	}

	// Try dynamic segments
	for (int i = 0; i < n->child_count; i++) {
		node_t *child = n->children[i];

		if (child->is_dynamic) {
			// Capture parameter value
			if (*param_idx < max_params) {
				param_values[*param_idx] = seg; // Don't free seg here
				param_names[*param_idx] = child->param_names[0];
				(*param_idx)++;
			}

			handler_t h = match_node(child, path, end, param_values,
			                        param_names, param_idx, max_params);
			if (h) return h;

			// Backtrack
			if (*param_idx > 0) (*param_idx)--;
		}
	}

	free(seg);
	return NULL;
}

// router_lookup finds a matching route.
handler_t router_lookup(router_t *r, const char *method, const char *path,
                       char ***params, char ***names, int *count) {
	node_t *root = get_method_node(r, method);
	if (!root) return NULL;

	// Handle root path
	if (strcmp(path, "/") == 0) {
		*count = 0;
		return root->handler;
	}

	// Reset parameter buffers
	memset(r->param_values, 0, r->param_cap * sizeof(char*));
	memset(r->param_names, 0, r->param_cap * sizeof(char*));

	int param_idx = 0;
	handler_t h = match_node(root, path, 0, r->param_values,
	                        r->param_names, &param_idx, r->param_cap);

	if (h) {
		*params = r->param_values;
		*names = r->param_names;
		*count = param_idx;
	}

	return h;
}

// router_param gets a parameter by name.
const char* router_param(conn_t *c, const char *name) {
	// This would need to be implemented with connection context
	// For now, return NULL
	return NULL;
}

// router_param_idx gets a parameter by index.
const char* router_param_idx(conn_t *c, int index) {
	// This would need to be implemented with connection context
	// For now, return NULL
	return NULL;
}